Fig 1: Resiquimod induces anti-cardiac auto-antibodies. (A) Levels of anti-dsDNA at week 4 after Resiquimod treatment. (B) ELISA to detect relative levels of antibody isotypes as indicated (light and heavy chains) in serum of untreated and Resiquimod-treated mice. Data pooled from two independent experiments. (C) Levels of anti-cardiac auto-antibodies of IgM and IgG isotype. (D) Levels of anti-cardiac auto-antibodies with IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b heavy chains. (E-G) Immunofluorescence staining using anti-mouse IgG-Alexa Fluor 488 (E), anti-mouse IgM-FITC (F), anti-mouse IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b/IgG3 and a secondary anti-rat IgG-Alexa Fluor 488 (G) to detect in vivo deposited antibodies and immuno-complexes as indicated by white arrows. Green: IgG/IgM/IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b/IgG3 staining; red: wheat germ agglutinin staining membranes; blue: DAPI staining of nuclei. 400× original magnification. Areas of interest (a,b in E and a in F): additional 2× magnification. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, two-tailed, paired/unpaired Student's t-test.