Fig 1: Autoantibodies in the CSF of individuals with COVID-19(A) Sagittal mouse brain sections were immunostained with CSF at 1:10 dilution (green) and the nuclear stain DAPI (blue). Anti IgG secondary only antibody negative control (left) and 4/6 control CSF (example CTRL 6, center) were not immunoreactive. In contrast, 5 of 7 COVID-19 CSF samples were immunoreactive (example CASE 3, right). Scale bars, 100 µm. CTRL, control.(B) Binary matrix indicating anatomic immunoreactivity of COVID-19 CSF at 1:10 dilution.(C) Select examples of COVID-19 CSF anatomic immunostaining of the hippocampus (n = 3; arrows, CA3; left column; scale bar, 100 µm), cerebrovasculature (top panel, second column arrow indicates endothelial staining [scale bar, 50 µm]; bottom panel arrow indicates a perivascular cell [scale bar, 10 µm]), olfactory bulb (n = 3, two shown; third column, top panel shows neuron-like cells; bottom panel, mitral cells; scale bars, 10 µM), and cortical neuron-like cells (n = 4, two cases shown; fourth column; scale bars, 10 µM).(D) Heatmaps of sequence-sharing peptides mapping to IFT88 (case 1, top) and THAP3 (case 3, bottom) that were enriched by CSF, shown with their corresponding enrichment by plasma. Rows, individual peptides; left two columns, technical replicates for case 1 (top) and case 3 (bottom). For COVID-19 and control columns, cell values represent the mean of log10(fold change enrichment) of technical replicates. For case 1 and case 3, candidate IFT88 and THAP3 peptides, respectively, were enriched more by CSF than plasma.(E) The HEK293 overexpression cell-based assay was performed in technical replicates. A representative example demonstrates that case 1 CSF is immunoreactive to overexpressed RFP-IFT88 (CSF, green; anti-RFP, red; anti-IFT88 antibody, magenta). Scale bars, 10 µM.(F) Western blot validation of anti-THAP3 autoantibodies in CSF of case 3. CSF IgG (green) and anti-FLAG (red) recognize the same ~25-kDa band in THAP3-overexpressing (OE) lysate but not untransfected (UN) lysate (arrow).
Supplier Page from Novus Biologicals, a Bio-Techne Brand for THAP3 Overexpression Lysate